20) Cuticle layer of a plant

I used this picture to represent the cuticle layer ona plant because all land plants have a clear outer layer covering the stem called the cuticle. The cuticles job is to protect the plant from UV radiation, dessication, and chemical and physical harm. The cuticle also gives support to the stem allowing it to have its upright structure. The cuticle is also known as a plants "fingerprint". Scientists can use a small piece of cuticle to indentify the type of plant.

19) Flower ovary

This is a picture of a fuschia flower. Inside the bud towards the stem is where the flower ovary lies. The flower ovary is the reproductive system of the female plant that is also known as gynocium. There are three locations for the flower ovary: Supior ovary, Inferior ovary, and Half-inferior ovary. The superior ovary is found above the attachments of flowery parts and is found in most fruit plants. the inferior ovary is found deep within the flower, below the attachment of flowery parts and is found in plants like the fuschia. The half-inferior ovary is surounded by the receptacle, in the middle of the flower, and is found in plants like Crape Myrtles.

18) Lepidoptera

This is a picture of a butterfly which falls under the classification of lepidoptera. Lepidoptera is the order where all butterflys and moths fall under. There are over 180'000 species of Lepidoptera including types of butterflies, skipper butterflies, and moth butterflies. The Lepidoptera order are charecterized by their scale covering, compound eyes, and proboscis. The larvae of lepidoptera are caterpillars which then chysalis and then become butterflies and/or moths.

17) Insect

This is a picture of a beetle which is a type of Insect. Insect is the class from within the arthopods. All insects have a chitinous exoskeleton with 3 segmented body parts: a head, thorax, and abdomin. Insects also have three paires of jointed legs, compound eyes, and two antennas. Insects are the largest group of species on the planet.

16 Autotroph

This is a picture of a flower which falls under the catagory of autotrophs. All plants that use light by the process of photosynthesis to create energy are autotrophs. Autotrophs are all producers such as plants and algae in the food chain. The two types of autotrophs are phototrophs and lithotrophs. Phototrophs use light to make energy while lithotrophs use inorganic compounds.

15) Lichen

This is a picture of Lichen on a log. Lichen is an organism with a symbiotic association with fungus and photosynthetic properties. Lichen can live in extreme ranges such as the tunrda, rocky crests, or hot deserts. Lichen can also be found in more common area's of leaves, branches, and rock surfaces. It is a long living organism and often times it is used for dyes, perfumes, and medicines.

14) Frond

This is a picture of a Boston fern. Each leaf on a fern is called a frond. A frond is composed of a stalk called the petiole supporting a flattened blade called a lamina. When a fern is growing the fronds are rolled up into small ball shapes. As the plant grows the fronds unroll which is called unferling. There are 3 different types of fronds: simple, pinnatifid, and pinnate.

13) C4 plant

Corn is an example of a C4 plant. A C4 plant is a plant that has 4 carbon atoms instead of the usual C3 plant which has 3 carbon atoms. In a C4 plant , It is able to directly fixate CO2 to RuBisCO, CO2 is then incorporated into a 4-carbon organic acid, which has the ability to regenerate CO2 in chloroplasts. The vascular bundles of leaves that surround the plant is called the bundle sheath. C4 plants are more effiecient then C3 plants at not wasting resources that are around them such as the use of water the plant takes in.

12) Stem- woody

A woody stem unlike the herbaceous stem is harder in structure, made out of wood, and has a bark exterior covering. Woody stem plants include trees, bushes, and shrubs. A woody stem is very large in size and is able to survive year round unlike the herbaceous stem. Woody stem plants are most of the worlds tallest and largest plants.

11) Stem- herbaceous

The stem is the part of a plant that holds the leaves and flowers up. A herbaceous stem is green and can be bent. They stay skinny in size and have quite alot of pith for thier small size. All plants with herbaceous stems die off during the cold seasons and grow back later when the weather warms up. All types of flowers have herbaceous stems.

Eukaryote: This is my five year old supreme champion cow Pear. Pear is a eukaryote because she is a multicellular organism whose cells contain membrane bound nuclei.

Plant With Thorn: This bush found in my yard uses it's thorns as a form of protection against predators, mainly herbivores. Thorns are present on plants whose leaves die quickly and grow for only a limited time.

Autotroph: These are a few of the plants I am growing for AP Bio. Autotrophs are able to provide their own food thru nutrients from the sun. Sunlight provides them the energy necessary to make food. Most plants are autotrophs.

Parasite: My cousin thankfully found this tick on one of my cows at the Farm Fair while washing her. Ticks are one of the most popular parasite in the world although they are very, very dangerous. Getting bit by a tick could give you Lyme's disease and potentially be life threatening so it's important to be always be aware of parasites such as ticks.

Insect: This wasp was found flying around my kitchen the morning of the farm fair. Insects are characterized as three pairs of legs and a segmented body. Insects are not usually fun to be around and can sometimes be harmful, you don't want to be stung by a wasp!

Endotherm: My calf Melody is an endotherm which means she is a warm blooded animal capable of maintaining and controling her own body temperature. Usually her body temperature is and should be higher then the temperature of her environment.

Fleshy Fruit With Seeds: These peaches are an example of a fleshy fruit with internal seeds. The outside layer of skin on the peaches is very soft and has a fleshy texture. The seeds are stored within the pit on the inside of the fruit.

Exoskeleton. This is a moth I found at work. Most bugs have an exoskeleton. Moths or butterflies always have 2 antennas and an exoskeleton which is why I chose this picture.

Echinoderm. Echinoderms are slow moving, spiny, marine creatures. This is a picture of a starfish I found at the beach. Starfish have a very brittle and tentacle like body. They also have tentacle like suctioned cup bodies. This is why I chose this picture to represent an echinoderm.

Arthropod. That tiny little thing in the middle of the picture is an ant I found near one of my plants in the backyard. Ants are considered arthropods because they have jointed limbs and cuticles. They also have exoskeletons, which is another characteristic an ant has.

Amylase. The picture is of my brothers tongue. The tongue produces saliva which is the reason I took this picture. Amylase is an enzyme in the saliva that helps hydrolize starches and sugar.

C4 Plant. Cactuses are types of c4 plants. I took this picture at work, because I work at a greenhouse. C4 plants have that characteristic of living in a better enviroment where its very dry and sunny. Cactuses show a perfect example of them because they normally live in an enviroment where it is not rainy and wet.

Angiosperm. This picture of a lilly I took in my backyard represents angiosperm. Lillys are a flowering plant. That means that they produce seeds inside of them.

Basidiomycete. This mushroom was taken at the front porch near the freshman building at school. Mushrooms are basidiomycetes because they are a type of fungus. They belong to the fungal phylum.

Autotroph. This is my AP bio Coleus plant. Coleus's are autotrophs since they get food through photosynthesis like all the other plants and flowers. They dont eat other organisms or substances. They are also the producers in a food chain.

Bryophyte. I took this picture near rocks and grass at the garden in our school. In the picture, you see green stuff, and that would be called moss. It is another name for moss, liverwort, or hornwort.

Chitin. In the picture, there is a spidercrab. I took this picture at the aquarium a couple of weeks ago. Spidercrabs represent the term Chitin. Chitin is the polysaccharide found in creatures that have an exoskeleton.

Biology Collection 1: Hunter Pates

Frond- A frond is a large leaf with many divisions. In this picture, you can tell by the many divided segments that it is a frond leaf.

Gymnosperm cone- (“naked seed” plants) This is a picture of a pine cone which is a gymnosperm cone. A gymnosperm has seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary.

Xylem- Vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant. Inside the lines of this leaf is the xylem.

Long-day plant- A plant that flowers in response to a long photoperiod. They usually flower in late spring or early summer, when light periods lengthen. Clovers are long-day plants.

Woody Stems- The stems of plants who have been growing for two years or more. After two years, a plant's stem thickens to accommodate growth and increased circulation in a plant. Probably the most noticeable example of a woody stem is a tree trunk. This plant has woody stems.

Thorn of a plant- Thorns likely first developed as a defense mechanism in plants. Thorns, spines, and prickles are very much alike, though are derived from different plant organs. The picture I have taken is of a prickle.

Cuticle layer of a plant- This is a picture of a leaf and it's cuticle layer. The cuticle layer is the protective layer covering the outer cell layer of the green, above ground parts of land plants.

Insect- A class within the arthropods that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax, and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and two antennae. This fly is a common insect that possesses all of the characteristics just described.

Deciduous leaf- A leaf on a deciduous tree, that falls off after it is no longer needed. This leaf is green now, though starting in Autumn it will change color and then fall off. Deciduous also has a similar meaning when referring to animal parts such as deciduous antlers in deer, and deciduous teeth (baby teeth).

Fruit - fleshy with seed- This strawberry is considered a Pseudocarp, a false fruit, because it does not contain the seeds. The seeds are achenes, on the outside of a fleshy fruit.

10. Woody Stem: The most obvious example of a woody stem is a tree trunk. A woody stem is that of a plant that has been growing for at least two years. Parts of a woody stem include cork, cambium, xylem, phloem, cortex, and pith.

9. Commensalism: I used a crustacean. Crustaceans and sea anemones are an example of commensalism because they have a relationship in which the crustacean is benefited (it gets shelter) and the sea anemone is neither harmed, nor benefited.

8. Radial Symmetry: Radial Symmetry is symmetry of an object which had no distinct left or right side, just a top and a bottom. As a perfect example of radial symmetry, I found a jellyfish (still living I think) washed up on the shore. Although in that state, it did not appear symmetrical, it would have been symmetrical floating in the water. The type of jellyfish I found was a Man-of-war Jellyfish. Its colors were vibrant purple and pink, almost fluorescent. The colors were so beautiful and I didn’t ever think that colors like that could possibly be natural.

7. Conifer leaf: The coniferous trees in South Carolina (where I am right now on vacation) really only have their leaves up towards the tops of the trees, beyond my reach. Therefore, as my example, I used some very dead conifer leaves that I found on the ground under coniferous trees.

6. Frond: A frond is the large, divided leaf of a plant. As an example of a frond, I used the palm frond of a palm tree. Most people use the term to refer to the leaves of a fern, but the term can also be used for the leaves of cycads, palms, and other smaller divided leaves.

5. Thorn of a plant: While outside taking my 10 pictures for my collection, I made the mistake that I’m sure many other people have made; I used a rose bush as my example of a plant with thorns. However, while researching, I learned that the sharp objects on the stem of a rose are not thorns; they are prickles, which are completely different, although the two are commonly confused. Some examples of plants with thorns are lemon, pomegranate, and wood apple. The purpose of these thorns is to protect the plant from scavenging animals.

4. Fruit (fleshy with seed): Fle.shy fruits are generally formed from one flower or a group of flowers. They are thick-fleshed and smooth-skinned, also containing one or more seeds. This type of fruit includes apples (my example), bananas, oranges, cucumbers, and cherries.

3. Herbaceous stem: The herbaceous stem that I took a picture of belonged to a red flowered plant growing outside my hotel. Herbaceous stems are usually flexible stems lacking woody tissue. Most herbaceous stemmed plants are annual, biennial, or perennial and their stem grows as cells divide by mitosis in the apical meristem. A herbaceous stem also typically dies down to soil level as their growing seasons come to an end. Flowers, ferns, and most ground-planted vegetables are examples of plants with herbaceous stems.

2. Annelid: The term annelid derives from the French word for “ringed ones.” Annelid refers to a large phylum of segmented worms, including earthworms, ragworms, and leeches. Segmented worms often have similar sets of organs located in each segment. My example was a dead earthworm that I found on the sidewalk. Earthworms are obvious examples of annelids because as many people are aware, cutting an earthworm in half will not kill it. This is because of its segmented structure consisting of more than one set of organs.

1. Eukaryote: As an example of a eukaryote, I used Hannah. A eukaryote is any organism, unicellular or multicellular, whose fundamental structure unit is a cell consisting of membrane-bound organelles and a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes are also capable of cellular division through mitosis or meiosis. All animals, plants, fungi, and several microorganisms are considered eukaryotes.

Collected items for AP Bio

An organism that is capable of making and storing food using the sun (or another nonliving) energy sources. Plants are autotrophs because they use water, carbon dioxide, and the energy from the sun to make the complex sugars they use as food.

Mammals, birds, and reptiles give birth to amniotic eggs, which contain a yolk to nourish the developing organism. Amniotic eggs protect the developing organism, as well as aid in gas and energy exchange. This shows a picture of a regular chicken egg. Chicken eggs are amniotic since it describes an egg has an amnion.

Annelid is roundish, wormlike organism having long, segmented bodies, a brain and ventral nerve cord, and a closed circulatory system. This picture shoes a picture of a earthworm which was found near my house. This earthworm has circular rings across its whole body and its round.

Exoskeleton the exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs. Ants have a outer shell which makes them a common example of a exoskeleton.

Plants have adaptations to help them survive (live and grow) in different areas. Obviously this plant does not grow inside a house but the plant adapted so it can survive in a different environment

Fleshy Fruits with seeds can be subdivided into those formed from a single flower and those formed from a group of flowers. This fruit has fleshy surface with seeds inside.

Dry Fruits can be divided into those in which the seeds are contained in a seedpod of some sort which opens to release the seeds and those in which there isn't a seedpod which opens. This is a almond which is a seed from a fruit.

Pollen is tiny grains made by the male part of a flower. In order for seeds to form, pollen must reach the female part of the. Insects such as bees help this process by carrying pollen between flowers as they feed. This just shows pollen which i found near my house and they pollen is using for pollination

Thorns represent the modification of an axillary shoot system in which the leaves are reduced. This is a close-up of a thorn plant that i found in North Jersey. This plant uses its thorns to keep away herbivores

A pollinator is the biotic agent that moves pollen from the male anthers of a flower to the female stigma of a flower to accomplish fertilization. This bee would take pollen from other plants and pollinate.